The fact that most of the courses in MOOC platforms are offered by American teachers leads to the over-recommendation of these courses, at the expense of the courses produced in the other countries. A re-ranking that accounts for the country of production of a course, besides the relevance of the course for a user, is …

In the presence of a minority group of item providers in the data (characterized by a sensitive attribute, such as gender or age), the items of these providers are considered as of lower relevance and are recommended to the users with a lower visibility (i.e., fewer times) and a lower exposure (i.e., in lower positions …